哈贝马斯的协商民主理论及其方法论基础

Habermas' Theory of Deliberative Democracy and Its Methodological Basis

哈贝马斯的协商民主理论是为了克服现代西方民主政治的缺陷而构建的一种把一切政治行为都纳入到商谈程序中的政治模式。这是一种双轨制民主模式,强调建制化的议会和非建制化的政治公共领域的双向互动,以此制定具有规范、有效的合法之法,从而解决现代社会的整合问题,为民主政治的发展开创一条新的路线。构成其理论基石的公民权利体系的形成过程、协商民主的商谈类型等内容,则充分体现了其理论所坚持的唯史观的方法论基础。

Habermas＇ theory of deliberative democracy is a political model which is constructed to overcome the defects of modern western democratic politics and which takes all the political be- havior into discussing program. This is a dual-track democratic model, emphasizing the bidirec- tional interaction between the institutionalised parliament and the non-institutionalised political public sphere, based on which we can make normative, valid and legitimate law to solve the inte- gration problem of modern society and pioneer a new route for the development of democratic pol- itics. Such contents as the formation process of civil right system and the negotiation types of de- liberative democracy constituting its theoretical foundation fully embody the methodological basis of historical materialism persisted in by its theory.