摘要
The absence of low-frequency information in seismic data is one of the most difficult problems in elastic full waveform inversion. Without low-frequency data, it is difficult to recover the long-wavelength components of subsurface models and the inversion converges to local minima. To solve this problem, the elastic envelope inversion method is introduced. Based on the elastic envelope operator that is capable of retrieving low- frequency signals hidden in multicomponent data, the proposed method uses the envelope of multicomponent seismic signals to construct a misfit function and then recover the long- wavelength components of the subsurface model. Numerical tests verify that the elastic envelope method reduces the inversion nonlinearity and provides better starting models for the subsequent conventional elastic full waveform inversion and elastic depth migration, even when low frequencies are missing in multicomponent data and the starting model is far from the true model. Numerical tests also suggest that the proposed method is more effective in reconstructing the long-wavelength components of the S-wave velocity model. The inversion of synthetic data based on the Marmousi-2 model shows that the resolution of conventional elastic full waveform inversion improves after using the starting model obtained using the elastic envelope method. Finally, the limitations of the elastic envelope inversion method are discussed.
多分量地震数据中低频缺失是弹性波全波形反演中的一大难题,低频的缺失导致全波形反演无法有效恢复介质的长波长成分进而使反演陷入局部极值。为此,本文提出了反演介质纵横波速度长波长分量的弹性波包络反演方法。该方法利用包络算子具有的解调多分量数据中隐含的低频信息的能力,构造多分量地震数据的包络目标函数进行反演,用以恢复地下介质纵横波速度的长波长成分。一系列数值试验表明,即使在多分量地震数据中缺失低频信息、并且初始模型缺少先验信息的情况下,这种弹性波包络反演方法能够有效降低波形反演的非线性,可以为后续的常规弹性波全波形反演或者深度偏移提供足够精确的初始模型,且该方法对横波速度长波长分量的重建尤为有效。Mamousi-2模型的高精度纵横波速度的反演结果表明,利用该方法反演的纵横波速度作为常规弹性波全波形反演的初始模型,可以显著提高反演结果的精度。此外,本文对弹性波包络反演方法的适用性也进行了初步的研究与讨论。
