广东农业面源污染治理保护性耕作项目研究进展

Research Progress on Guangdong Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control-Conservation Agriculture Project

广东省属于农业大省,近年来随着人口增加和农村经济快速发展,农业面源污染形势十分严峻。广东省承担的世界银行农业面源污染治理保护性耕作项目,通过在省内的项目示范区域进行水稻和甜玉米的示范试验,探索保护性耕作减少农业面源污染源的作用和方法。项目组设计了免耕和少耕插秧、免耕和少耕直播4种主要模式,投入了50多台套农业机械,经过4个试验点1年的试验,初步结果表明,南方高温潮湿地区水稻和甜玉米生产采用保护性耕作技术是有效果的,所选的农机具大多数是适用的,部分北方旱地机械还需要改进。讨论了广东保护性耕作存在的问题和改进的意见。

Guangdong province is an important agricultural province. The agricultural non-point source pollution situation is very grim in recent years as the population increases and the rural economy grows rapidly. Explo- ration, supported by the world bank agriculture non-point source pollution control-conservation tillage project, has been undertaken in Guangdong province to discover the roles and methods for reducing agricultural non-point source pollution by conservation tillage. The project is conducted in four paddy rice and sweet corn demonstration and experimental sites in the province. Four main models, the no-till and less-till transplanting, no-till and less-till direct seeding, have been designed by the project team. More than 50 sets of agricultural machines have been put into the experiments, After one year＇ s experiments conducted in four sites, preliminary results show that the conservation tillage technology is effective in the paddy rice and sweet corn production in southern area with high temperature and wet conditions. Most of the selected farm machines are applicable. Some of the northern dryland machines need to be improved. The paper discussed the problems and improvement opinions existing in the Guangdong conservation tillage.