话语理解中汉语隐性否定动词的框架转换及诱发机制研究

Frame-shifting and Its Induced Mechanism of Chinese Concealed Negation Verbs in Discourse Interpretation

隐性否定是指一种形式肯定但意义否定的否定形式,这种否定在使用时没有句法层面上的否定标记,而是通过间接或者暗示的手段表达否定含义。本研究基于Jespersen对隐性否定动词所采用的划分方式,从中文语料库中选取四组隐性否定动词"避免"、"拒绝"、"否认"以及"怀疑"类,借助框架语义学相关理论,对它们在关键词激活环境下的框架转换现象进行研究。研究发现,在隐性否定的话语理解过程中,存在框架的转变,这一转变是由4个刺激条件(或诱发机制)引起的透视域的转变而引起的:语篇博弈效果;否定事件的主观否定性;事件表述的复杂性;隐性否定动词的语义内在矛盾性。该研究使我们认识到在实际语言交际中,话语使用者需要对语篇整体性进行思考,根据条件的变化而不断调整认知世界,以期实现语篇的正确理解,从而达到交际目的。

Concealed negation refers to the negation without syntactic negative form but expressing negative meaning in an indirect and implicit way. The present article,based on Jespersen＇s classification of concealed negation verbs,picks up the following four kinds of typical Chinese concealed negation verbs from the Chinese corpus： avoid,refuse,deny and doubt,and then by employing frame semantics theory,discusses the frame-shifting phenomenon activated by keywords.This study discovers that in the discourse interpretation of concealed negation,there exists the shift of frames,which is brought about by the change of perspectives caused by 4 induced mechanisms：（ 1） the effect of discourse game,（ 2）subjectivity in negating events,（ 3） the complexity in expressing events,and（ 4） the internal semantic contradiction of concealed negation verbs. This study helps us to realize that in actual language communication,the addressee has to adjust his cognitive worlds according to the change of conditions,so as to have a better interpretation of discourse and to realize the communicative purpose.