试论国家政权对先秦农业发展的作用

The Impact of State Power on the Development of Agriculture in the Pre-Qin Period

农业的发展关乎一个政权的稳定和强大,古代农业的发展在很大程度上是由包括政治、军事等力量在内的人为因素促成的,而不只是一个自然自发的过程。我国古代农业发展与传统的"富民"思想和"重农"政策是分不开的,"重农"政策往往与富国强兵政策联系在一起,根源于部落之间的争霸战争。"重农"政策在不同历史时期表现为督办农事、重农抑商、变革土地制度、耕战政策、休养生息、重视农业生产技术等。在"富民"思想和"重农"政策的指导下,国家制定出重视农业生产发展的政策措施,从而促进了古代农业生产技术与生产水平的提高、农业生产力的发展以及农业文明的兴起。

The development of agriculture is related to the stability and strength of a political power, and the devel- opment of ancient agriculture is largely determined by human factors, including political, military and other factors, which is not a spontaneous process. The robust development of ancient Chinese agriculture is inseparable from the traditional thought of ＂enriching the people＂ and the state policy of ＂attaching great importance to agricultural development＂. In addition, state policies of ＂attaching great importance to agricultural development＂ are closely related to the fundamental policies of building a prosperous country with a powerful army. The policy of ＂ attaching great importance to agricultural development＂ is reflected in many aspects, such as supervising agricultural production, stressing agriculture while hindering commerce, reforming land system, recuperating after warfare, enhancing agricultural technology, et cetera. It is under the guidance of the thought of ＂enriching the people＂ and the state policy of ＂attaching great importance to agricultural development＂ that the agricultural sector in the Pre-Qin period witnessed tremendous development and improvement in terms of ancient agricultural production technology, agricultural productivity, and agricultural civilization.