土地维权中的效用与制度创造——基于浙江省的实证分析

Utility and System Creation in Land Rights:Based on Empirical Analysis of Zhejiang Province

国家正式维权制度效用不足是农村土地维权中农民制度创造的正当理由。司法制度作为不完善程序正义效用不足,传统调解制度因基层干部权威崩解和农户与村镇干部的矛盾导致效用不断下降,行政制度在维稳压力下效用不足。为应对国家正式维权制度效用不足问题,农民以参与权为基础进行制度创造,设计出以建议征集、民主恳谈、民主协商的参与制度并获得成功。对农民制度创造的正确认识可以从农村制度创造之所以可能的原因、制度创造的现实基础、主体作用和实现方式四方面进行法理反思。

It is appropriate for the farmers to create systems for lacking utility to protect the land rights.The first is the utility of judicial system that the imperfect procedural justice is insufficient.The second is the utility of the traditional mediation system continues to decline because of the breakdown of grassroots cadre’s authority and the contradiction between the farmers and grassroots cadres.The last is that the utility of administrative system is insufficient because of the pressure from maintaining stability.For the above problems,the farmers take the right of participation as the basis for system creation and design the methods of solicit proposals,democratic talkfest,and democratic consultation successfully.It is necessary to understand the farmers’ system creation from four aspects：the reasons why system creation is possible,realistic basis of system creation,subject function and realization of system creation.