摘要
为了探明集中施肥(穴施、条施)下土壤微生物(细菌、真菌、放线菌)的数量在空间上的动态变化,采用土柱模拟方法,研究鸡粪在2种集中施肥方式(穴施、条施)及两种对照施肥方式(不施肥、均匀施肥)处理下土壤微生物数量的空间动态变化。结果表明:(1)与均匀施肥和不施肥相比较,集中施肥更有利于促进土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌的繁殖;(2)土壤细菌和放线菌数量随着处理时间的变化先升高后降低,而真菌则是逐渐降低的趋势;(3)垂直10和20 cm位置的土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量高于垂直35 cm位置,且在垂直10和20 cm位置集中施肥对土壤微生物数量的影响显著并高于均匀施肥和不施肥处理,而在远离肥料的垂直35 cm位置的差异不显著;(4)水平方向上,集中施肥处理在处理后5和10 d对水平2和5 cm位置的土壤微生物数量影响较大,处理后30 d其影响与均匀施肥处理的差异不显著。本研究表明集中施入有机肥对土壤微生物数量的影响会因为距离的远近而产生差异,在2-10 cm距离,离肥料越近土壤微生物数量越高,且其影响显著的时间为施肥后10 d左右。
The objective of this soil column study was to investigate the effect of chicken manure application on the spatial dynamics of soil microbial populations (bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes).Two localized manure application methods (i.e.,spot application and band application) and two control treatments (uniform application and unfertilized) were used in this experiment. The results showed that the number of soil bacterial,fungal,and actinomycete populations were greater in the localized application treatments than in either control treatment.Bacterial and actinomycete populations initially increased after manure application but later decreased.In contrast,fungal populations gradually decreased after manure application.The number of bacterial,fungal,and actinomycete populations were greater in both the 10 and 20 cm depths than in the 35 cm depth.Microbial populations number in the 10 and 20 cm depths were greater in the localized application treatments than in either control treatment.There was no significant difference among the treatments at the 35 cm depth.Five and ten days after fertilizer application,we observed that the number of microbial populations at horizontal distances of 2 and 5 cm from the fertilizer application point were significantly greater in the localized application treatments than in the uniform application treatment.However,no differences were observed among the three treatments 30 d after fertilizer application.These results suggested that microbial populations significantlychanged as the distance from the manure application point increased.Specifically,the number of microbial populations decreased as the distance from the manure application point increased from 2 to 10 cm.The largest differences in the number of microbial populations between the localized and uniform application treatments were observed 10 d after manure application.
出处
《石河子大学学报(自然科学版)》
CAS
2015年第4期421-427,共7页
Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science)
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31360501)
国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD42B02-3)
石河子大学高层次人才项目(RCZX201132)
关键词
施肥方式
集中施肥
土壤微生物数量
空间动态变化
fertilization methods
localized supply
soil microbial populations
spatial dynamics