摘要
【目的】明确玉米灰斑病发生现状,预测病害未来的扩展区域,为有针对性开展灰斑病的早防早控工作、保护玉米生产提供信息。【方法】采用形态、培养及分子特征鉴定的方法明确新发生玉米灰斑病区域的病菌分离物种类;汇总2004—2014年各地玉米灰斑病的调查信息,根据季风特点,推测具有重大破坏力的玉米尾孢灰斑病扩展路线,预测未来的病害发生区域。【结果】基于形态学、培养特征以及分子鉴定结果,明确了贵州西部、西北部以及四川北部的分离物为玉米尾孢(Cercospora zeina),河北承德地区致病菌为玉蜀黍尾孢(C.zeae-maydis),在陕西南部、西部以及河南西部鉴定出了玉米尾孢和玉蜀黍尾孢;初步明确了具有强致病力的玉米尾孢目前分布的北界。玉米灰斑病已经在中国15个省份发生,西南地区的玉米生产受到严重影响;在南海夏季风与西北太平洋副热带高压的作用下,玉米尾孢从云南西部进境后逐渐向北向东扩展,到达四川、陕西的西部,亦可能经种子携带途径进入湖北恩施,形成一个新的病害扩散源并传播至重庆、陕西安康和商洛以及河南西部山区。未来,在季风的作用下,源自西南的玉米尾孢灰斑病可能进入甘肃东南部、宁夏南部、陕西北部,并进而逐渐向北偏东方向扩展,对中国春玉米主产区构成重大威胁。【结论】确认玉米尾孢在贵州、四川、陕西、河南引起玉米灰斑病,河北的致病菌为玉蜀黍尾孢;由玉米尾孢引起的灰斑病已突破秦岭和巴山的阻隔,扩散至陕西西部、南部和河南西部,从西南玉米生产区进入了北方玉米生产区;夏季季风以及种子带菌是该种灰斑病快速传播的主要因素;未来玉米尾孢灰斑病将在季风作用下继续缓慢向北方玉米区扩散,在无灰斑病发生区域引发病害并可能在已有玉蜀黍尾孢灰斑病发生的区域形成新的重大病害威胁。
[ Objective ] The objective of this study is to understand the occurrence status of maize gray leaf spot (GLS) in China,and to predict its spreading areas in near future. It is an important basis for protecting maize production.[ Method ]The strains isolated from samples of GLS in new areas where were not reported for GLS were identified by using morphologic, cultural characteristics and molecular identification techniques. The occurrence site data of GLS during 2004-2014 were summarized for detailed clearing the status of GLS distribution in China, and monsoon character was analyzed for speculating the spreading lines of GLS before 2014 and in the future.[Result]The strains from Guizhou and Sichuan were identified as Cercospora zeina, and the species C. zeae-maydis was identified in Hebei. Two species were found in strains from Shaanxi and Henan. GLS has been found in fifteen provinces in China and was severe in southwest areas. By the influence of southwest and subtropical monsoons, the GLS, caused by C. zeina, spread into southwest of Yunnan in 2001, and into west of Sichuan by wind and into Hubei maybe by seeds in 2007. In 2013 the disease outbreak in the west of Henan and in 2014 occurred in west of Shaanxi that means C. zeina GLS was colonized in north maize production area. In the future, with the influence of monsoon, C. zeina GLS will spread into southeast of Gansu, south of Ningxia and north of Shaanxi, and will be moved slowly toward the north and east areas which are important production areas of spring maize in China. If the disease reaches the north of China that is the place of C. zeae-maydia GLS occurred at present, C. zeina GLS will be a new destructive disease in the main maize production areas.[ Conclusion]It was confn'med that C. zeina was colonized in Guizhou, Sichuan, Shaanxi and Henan as well as C. zeae-maydis in Hebei, Shaanxi and Henan. C. zeina crossed the Bashan and Qinling Mountains into the north spring maize areas and caused severe GLS disease in west of Shaanxi and west of Henan. The main reasons of C. zeina GLS fast spreading were the monsoon action and the seed-borne causal fungus. In the future, C. zeina GLS will be slowly moved to the areas including where the GLS has not occurred yet and C. zeae-maydis GLS spread areas, thus will be a new threat to maize production in China.
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第18期3612-3626,共15页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家现代农业(玉米)产业技术体系(CARS-02)
中国农业科学院作物科学研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2014JB02-001)
中国农业科学院创新工程
关键词
玉米
灰斑病
玉米尾孢
玉蜀黍尾孢
传播
maize
gray leaf spot
Cercospora zeina
Cercospora zeae-maydis
spreading