观赏贝母在北京地区引种栽培研究

Study on introduction and cultivation of ornamental Fritillaries in Beijing area

为筛选出适应北方露地栽培的观赏贝母,本试验从荷兰、新疆、浙江、安徽等地引种了16个贝母种与品种,对其在北京地区的物候期、生长指标、形态特征和开花特性等进行观测,通过主成分分析法对其进行了综合评价。结果表明:得分排在前5名的‘象牙钟’、‘阿德亚曼’、小白花贝母、‘极点露波拉’和伊贝母的观赏价值高,适应性好,但由于小白花贝母的种球数量较少,开花率较低,建议进一步观察,其它4种可以直接在北京地区露地栽培应用。其余9个贝母种和品种则需要进一步的驯化后才能推广应用,而没有发芽的额敏贝母和砂贝母建议进行温室栽培种植。

The genus Fritillariais a kind of bulb flower with high ornamental value and devel‐opmental potential .In order to select the ornamental fritillary （species and varieties） that a‐dapt to the climate of north China and culture in the open field ,we introduced 16 fritillary species and varieties from the regions of Netherlands and Xinjiang ,Zhejiang and Anhui prov‐inces of China .Some indexes of fritillaries cultured in Beijing area were observed ,such as the phenophase ,growth indexes ,morphological characteristics and flowering characteristics ,etc . Eleven fritillaries species that have been flowering in Beijing area were preliminarily chosen to evaluate .Through the principal component analysis on the comprehensive evaluation ,19 or‐namental and adaptability indexes applied for the genus Fritillaria were considered .The re‐sults showed that the species or varieties of ‘Ivory Bell’ ,‘Adiyaman’ , F . albidof lora ,‘Rubra Maxima’ ,and F .pallidif lora that were rounding out the top of five had the high or‐namental value and good adaptability ,and they can be directly applied in the Beijing area open field ,except for F .albido f lora .Considering the bulb quantity is less and its flowering rate is＆amp;nbsp;low ,it should be recommended to further domestication cultivation with other 9 kinds of frit‐illaries .And the species of F .meleagroides and F .karelinii that did not sprout are advised for greenhouse cultivation .