几种苹果砧木杂交后代对红富士苹果树体生长及早花特性的影响

Effects of different apple rootstock hybrids on the growth and early flowering of Fuji apple tree

为苹果矮化砧木杂交育种亲本选择与选配提供依据,以‘西府海棠’、‘珠美海棠’、‘77-34’、‘P22’、‘SH38’、‘S19’等苹果砧木的杂交后代嫁接红富士为试材,研究不同砧木杂交后代对树体大小、枝类组成、新梢生长等与树体生长相关的性状及早花特性的影响。结果表明:以不同组合杂交后代为砧木的红富士苹果在树高方面无显著差异;77-34×SH38的杂交后代嫁接红富士植株短枝+叶丛枝所占总枝量的比率显著高于其他组合;77-34×SH38杂交后代、西府海棠×S19杂交后代嫁接红富士植株的早花比例明显高于其他组合。供试材料中,‘77-34’是矮砧杂交育种中较为适宜的母本,‘S19’是较为适宜的父本。

To select suitable parents for apple dwarf rootstock breeding ,the experiment was carried out with Fuji apple trees grafted onto different apple rootstock hybrids .Effects of dif‐ferent apple rootstock hybrids on tree characters ,including tree size ,composition of shoot types ,new shoot growth and early flowering were studied .The results showed that the ratio of leafage shoot ＋ dwarf shoot to total number of shoots on 77‐34 × SH38 hybrids was markedly higher than that of other trees ;the early flowering habit of Fuji apple trees grafted onto 77‐34 × SH38 hybrids ,Midget crabapple × S19 hybrids were obviously higher than that of other trees .‘77‐34’was a suitable mother parent and ‘S19’was a suitable father parent for breeding of dwarf and early flowering rootstocks in the test materials .