小流域水源涵养林优化配置与水文响应分析——以半城子水库流域为例

Optimal configuration and its hydrological response analysis of water conservation forest in small watershed:A case study of the Banchengzi reservoir basin

以半城子水库流域为研究区域,应用BP神经网络模型和SWAT模型对流域森林植被进行了优化配置和相应的流域水文响应分析。结果表明:半城子水库流域适宜森林覆盖率为65.63%;针叶林、阔叶林、混交林和灌木林植被适宜面积分别为1 148.9,617.2,2 252.8和1 343.1hm2。水源涵养林体系优化配置后,流域产流量从8 541 100m3增加为9 031 100m3,增加5.74%;半城子水库流域现状条件下,各天然林单位面积产流能力顺序为:灌木林>阔叶林>混交林>针叶林,分别为3 974.57,1 448.32,1 349.82和1 100.36m3/hm2。增加灌木人工林和减少针叶人工林比例,可使小流域产流增加。

Optimal configuration and its hydrological response of forest vegetation were ana‐lyzed in Banchengzi reservoir basin in this paper ,combining the applications of BP neural net‐work model and SWAT model .The results show that the rational forest coverage rate should be 65 .63% in Banchengzi reservoir basin ;the suitable areas of coniferous forest ,broad‐leaved forest ,mixed forest and spinney should be 1 148 .9 ,617 .2 ,2 252 .8 and 1 343 .1 hm2 .After op‐timal configuration of the water conservation forest system ,the runoff amount of the water‐shed would increase from 8 541 100 to 9 031 100 m3 ,equals to 5 .74% .Under the regional con‐ditions ,the order of runoff producing ability of unit area of every natural forest type in Banchengzi reservoir basin was spinney 〉 broad‐leaved forest 〉 mixed forest 〉 coniferous forest ,the areas were 3 974 .57 ,1 448 .32 ,1 349 .82 and 1 100 .36 m3 /hm2 .It is considered that increasing the proportion of mixed forest and reducing the proportion of coniferous forest can increase the runoff amount in Banchengzi reservoir basin .