物理法整体再利用废弃Nd-Fe-B合金研究

Integrally Reuse of Discarded Nd-Fe-B Alloy by Physical Method

烧结Nd-Fe-B合金加工过程中会产生10%-30%的边角料、成型中可能的氧化粉末、烧结过程失误的废品及使用后的产品等,其中含有大量的Fe与丰富的稀土元素。一般研究主要的注意力集中在稀土元素的回收,也有部分仅针对Fe元素的回收利用研究,而对其他元素丢弃或者采用另外的方式处理,造成材料、资源的浪费,工艺成本亦相应增加。为综合利用有限资源,在（Pr Nd）xB1.05Al0.5Nb0.3Fe98.15-x合金的制备过程中,采用物理手段添加一定含量的废弃Nd-Fe-B磁体,从而制备出合格产品,并与不添加废弃磁体的（Pr Nd）xB1.05Al0.5Nb0.3Fe98.15-x合金进行对比研究。结果表明,经X射线衍射（XRD）分析,在废料少量添加的情况下,二者的物相相似,且经50℃老化处理1 h后,两种样品磁通量分别降低了0.51和0.52 Wb,经70℃处理1 h后,降低了0.96和0.95 Wb,再经90℃处理1 h后,又分别降低了0.80和0.82 Wb。相对于无废弃Nd-Fe-B磁体的样品,添加废料样品粉末颗粒较粗,比表面积较小,离散性稍大,但是其块体样品的微观结构基本一致。

There are 10%-30% superfluous offcut, oxydic powder in moulding processing, waste products with sintering fault and after being applied. In these materials, there are a lot of Fe and rare elements, and most researches are about rare earth elements recycling and a few about Fe element recycling. However, other elements are discarded or disposed by some methods, which causes material waste and the increase of cost. So in this paper, （PrNd）xB1.05 A10.5 Nb0.3 Fe98.15-x alloys with a few discarded Nd-Fe-B alloys were prepared by physical method for avoiding waste of resources, and were also comparatively researched with （PrNd）,B1.05 Al0.5 Nb0.3 Fe98.15-x alloys without waste. It was indicated that the X-ray diffraction （XRD） patterns and change law of flux of samples with waste and without waste were similar when they were simultaneously aged at different temperatures. The decreased flux values of these two samples aged at 50 ℃ for 1 h were 0.51 and 0.52 Wb, respectively, and those values were 0.96 and 0.95 Wb with 70 ℃ × 1 h aging. Moreover, they were 0. 80 and 0. 82 Wb if aged at 90℃ for 1 h. The particle size of sample with waste was a little bigger than that of sample without waste. In addition, the specific surface area of the former was smaller than that of the latter. Furthermore, its discreteness was also bigger than that of the latter. However, the microstructures of the two samples had few differences.