超级电容与电解电容并联储能系统的特性研究

Characteristics Analysis of Parallel Supercapacitor and Electrolytic Capacitor Energy Storage System

超级电容作为一种储能设备,能够在短时间内完成能量存储和释放。然而,由于超级电容的固有时间常数相对较长,在1 s左右,这使其在毫秒级能量传递时效率降低。所研究的超级电容与电解电容并联储能系统,相比于传统的单纯超级电容储能系统,在效率、响应速度、体积和成本等方面均有优势。基于并联超级电容与电解电容所组成的储能系统,以简单的结构实现了储能系统效率、功率和响应时间的提高。基于恒流放电数学模型分析了系统各项参数与并联电容储能系统性能之间的关系,并通过实验验证了并联电容储能系统的相关特性。实验结果证明,与单纯超级电容系统相比,并联系统在能量传输效率上提高了10%以上。同时,通过改变并联系统的相关参数,也可以提高系统的能量传输效率。

Supercapacitor is a storage technology proposed as means of supplying short-duration transient energy. Inherent long time constant associated with supercapacitor means that this short-term energy transfer is inefficient. The proposed energy storage system combining supercapacitor and electrolytic capacitor is an improvement to supercapacitor based energy storage system with less volume, less cost and higher efficiency. Although the proposed system structure is simple with only two parallel capacitors, its performance relating to several parameters is improved. Based on constant current discharge mathematical model, relationship between the parallel system parameters and its performance are analysed and verified with experiment. It is shown that the parallel system improves energy transfer efficiency by 10% compared to supercapacitor system, and the efficiency can also be improved by adjusting certain parameters of the parallel system.