振动能量采集供电的无线传感器设计和制作

Design and fabrication on wireless sensor powered by harvesting vibration energy

本文就无线传感网(WSN)的能量供给问题,提出了采集环境中的振动能量这一解决方案。在无线传感环境中振动广泛存在,通过适当的方法把这些能量回收再利用转换为电能,则可使无线传感器摆脱电池供电的束缚。本文主要做了两方面工作:一是采集环境中振动能量的器件的设计;二是低功耗无线传感器节点的设计。对振动发电性能的测试表明,振动加速度为0.3g时,随着振动频率的增加,发电器的开路电压先增加,当振动频率为14.7Hz时达到最大值7.16V,然后快速减小。输出功率在外接负载为51kΩ时,达到最大值,且此时输出功率为32.12μW。对传感器工作耗电情况的测试表明,传感器电路的主要耗电在无线传输这段时间,电流为13.3m A,时间为0.1ms。

In this study, a solution on power supply of wireless sensor network （WSN） was proposed, which through harvested vibration energy. As vibration energy extensively existed in the environment, one can convert these energy to power that supply for wireless sensor by proper method, and make wireless sensor cast off the yoke of battery. Two works was done on this paper, on the one hand, a power generation device had been made to harvest vibration energy, on the other hand, a low -power wireless sensor node had been designed. Test on power generation device which harvested vibration energy at a vibration acceleration of 0.3g suggested that as vibration frequency increased, the voltage increased, and achieved a maximum value of 7.16V while the frequency was 14.7Hz, and then decreased rapidly. Besides, when loaded with a 51kΩ resistance, a maximum output power of 32. 12μW was obtained by the generator. Test on power consumption of wireless sensor showed that, the main power consumption was on the data transmission period,and this period lasted 0. 1 ms with a current of 13.3mA.