高分子铀吸附材料的研究进展

Recent Research Progress of Polymer Materials for Uranium Adsorption

近年来,随着核电的发展,对金属铀的需求不断增加。自然界中,除了有限的陆地铀矿之外,盐湖、海水等水体中蕴含大量由水循环体系带入的可溶性铀盐。如能实现这部分铀资源的有效利用,将可为核能源的持续开发利用提供巨大的原材料储备。此外,核燃料裂变发电过程中产生的含有铀元素的废水,将其中的铀元素有效去除,甚至加以循环利用也是十分重要的科研课题。这两方面问题的研究和解决都可以从开发高效的铀吸附材料入手,实现水溶液中铀元素的有效提取。在众多的潜在铀吸附材料中,高分子材料以其突出的性能受到广泛关注,成为这一领域最有发展前景的材料之一。国际上利用高分子材料进行的海水吸附试验已获得值得关注的成果。随着相关研究的不断深化和发展,将有望发展出高吸附容量、高选择性、可多次循环使用的高效高分子铀吸材料,为核能源的开发和使用提供有力的支撑。

The demand for uranium stock has increased continuously in recent years due to the development of nuclear energy industry. The uranium resources on the earth mainly include the land mines and soluble uranium salts in the water system, such as the salt lakes and oceans. If the latter part of uranium could be properly extracted and utilized, the sustainability of nuclear energy industry can be remarkably enhanced. Additionally, suitable methods are necessarily developed to remove the hazardous uranium wastes and recycle the waste water produced by the nuclear plants. The solutions of both above issues are related to developing highly efficient uranium adsorption materials applicable in aqueous solutions. Amongst all adsorption materials reported so far, polymers attract great attention. As one of the most important types of materials, polymers materials have been tested in the real sea water and shown promising results. With the increasing research efforts invested into the field, polymers with high uranium adsorption capacity and selectivity as well as optimal recyclability are likely to emerge soon and make feasible the utilization of nuclear resources in the natural water system.