胆酸低聚物作为主体分子的研究进展

Cholic Acid Derived Oligomers as Supramolecular Hosts

胆酸是普遍存在于动物体内的天然双亲性分子,用于消化吸收食物中的油脂。由于其两面双亲性的结构特点,以胆酸为构筑基元所制备的各式各样的低聚物(分子篮、线形低聚物、环形低聚物)可以随着外界环境极性的变化形成亲水或疏水的纳米空腔,从而实现分子识别、重金属离子检测、跨膜运输等功能。本文主要综述了近几年来国内外研究人员合成的基于胆酸的低聚物及这些胆酸低聚物在作为主体分子方面的应用。

Cholic acid is natural compound that exist in most mammals. Because of the facial amphiphilicity of cholic acid, various oligomers derived from cholic acid （molecular pockets, linear oligomers, cyclic oligomers） can form hydrophobic or hydrophilic cavities under the influence of external environment. These cholic acid derived oligomers could act as supramolecular hosts and coordinate with guest molecules, therefore these oligomers are promising materials in many fields such as chemosensor for heavy metal ions and lipid membrane transporters.