牙龈生物型的特点及其临床意义

Characteristics and Clinical Significance of Gingival Biotypes

牙龈生物型(gingival biotype,GB)有薄型及厚型之分,不同的牙龈形态有不同的组织学特征,产生不同的生物学行为。厚龈生物型受外界侵犯后更易牙龈增生,最终形成深牙周袋;薄龈生物型则更易出现牙龈退缩。临床上,牙龈生物型很大程度上影响了牙周治疗、修复、正畸及种植术后的预后效果,尤其是在美学治疗方面,因而备受关注。本文就牙龈生物型的特点及其对于临床治疗的指导意义作一综述。

Gingival biotypes are divided into thin--scalloped and thick--flat. Different tissue biotypes have different histologic characteristics and lead to different biological behavior. Invasion or inflammation may result in deep periodontal pockets for a thick biotype and gingival recession for a thin biotype. In clinical practice, gingival biotypes are considered to be related to the outcomes of periodontal therapy, restorative treatment, orthodontic procedures, and implant placement, especially to esthetics therapy. Therefore, it is crucial to identify gingival biotype before treatment. This article reviews the characteristics and clinical significance of gingival biotypes.