交通伤致桡骨远端骨折成伤机制分析

Study on the Injury Mechanism of Distal Radial Fracture Cases in Traffic Accidents

目的探讨桡骨远端骨折的成伤机制在道路交通事故损伤法医学鉴定中的应用价值。方法收集损伤过程与致伤方式均无争议的桡骨远端骨折案件813例,依据Colles,Smith,Barton,Chauffeur的骨折分型,统计各型骨折例数及致伤原因。结果813例均为桡骨远端单侧闭合型骨折,其中Colles骨折最多见,占78.97%,Chauffeur骨折最少见,占4.92%。致伤原因中单纯摔跌伤最多见,达579例(71.22%),交通事故伤140例(17.22%)。交通事故中车外人员摔跌损伤112例,其中伤者无或仅有轻微颅脑损伤,车内驾驶员桡骨远端骨折28例。结论桡骨远端骨折的形态特征在交通事故损伤的法医学鉴定中对驾驶员认定、行人体位状态分析及推断摔跌可能造成的颅脑损伤程度具有实际应用意义。

Objective To study the injury mechanism and forensic application of distal radial fracture in traffic injury. Method Clinical data of 813 distal radial fracture cases were collected and analyzed. The number of Colles fractures, Smith fractures, Barton fractures and Chauffeur fractures were counted. Results In 813 distal radial fractures, the most common was Colles fracture, which reached 78.97%; Chauffeur fracture had the least number, which was 4.92%. Falling down was the main cause of injury, and traffic accidents were the second. In 140 cases of distal radius fracture in traffic accidents, 112 were caused by falling outside the vehicle and were with no or only slight craniocerebral injury. In 28 out of the 140 cases, the injured were drivers. Conclusion In forensic medical examination, inspections of distal radius fractures might provide useful information for the identification of drivers, as well as the judgment of pedestrian position and degree of craniocerebral injury caused by falling.