《庄子》中的“X然”类形容词探析

Analyzing the Type of X Ran Adjectives in Zhuangzi

《庄子》中的"X然"类形容词是一种特殊的状态形容词,主要由名词性、动词性、形容词性和拟声词性词根加词尾"然"构成,并以"A然""AA然"形态居多。在组合能力上,"X然"类形容词不受程度副词的修饰,但可以受时间频率副词、否定副词和能愿动词的修饰;不带宾语,可以重叠。句法功能上,该类词主要作句子的谓语(或谓语中心)和状语;在一定情况下也能充当句子的主语、宾语、定语和补语,但较为少见。

The type of XRan adjectives in Zhuangzi are a special kind of state adjectives .They are made of nominal root , verbal root ,adjective root or onomatopoeia part‐of‐speech root adding the ending Ran ,and most of them are the form of A Ran and A A Ran .On the syntactical ,the type of XRanadjectives can not be modified by adverb of degree ,but they can be modified by time and frequency adverbs ,negative adverbs or modal verbs .They can’t be followed by objects ,but can overlap . On syntactic function ,this kind of words mainly act as the predicate （or predicate stem ） and the adverbial in the sentences . They can also act as the subject ,object ,attribute and complement in certain circumstances ,which are not common .