马克思经济学—哲学视阈下的生产劳动和非生产劳动问题——基于《1861—1863年经济学手稿》文本研究的分析与探讨

Problems of Productive Labor and Unproductive Labor in the Visual Threshold of Marx's Economics-Philosophy Theories:Based on Analysis and Study of 1861—1863 Economics Manuscripts

在《1861—1863年经济学手稿》等文献当中,生产劳动和非生产劳动这两个概念是在特定的政治经济学批判语境中出现并具有理论意义的。生产劳动是直接为资本家带来剩余价值的劳动,非生产劳动则只是为人们提供了生活和精神上的服务,不能增加资本家手中的财富。人类社会的复杂性和多元化使得生产劳动和非生产劳动之间并不存在难以逾越的鸿沟,随着劳动指向对象和劳动产品享用者的变化,很多非生产劳动在实质上也转为了生产劳动。在当代社会,由于现实需要,通常人们对于生产劳动和非生产劳动的理解不只是局限于马克思的文本,而是将二者的内涵做出了调整,使其具体化。马克思独特的经济学—哲学视域中的生产劳动和非生产劳动理论也丰富和深化了马克思的劳动学说和哲学本体论思想,使其政治经济学理论具备了永久性的经济学、哲学研究价值。

In Marx’s Economic Manuscripts,such as 1861—1863 Economics Manuscripts,productive labor and unproductive labor have their theoretical significance in the sense of critique of political e-conomy context.Productive labor is a direct residual value for the capitalist labor,and unproductive labor is only for people who want living and spiritual service,so unproductive labor cannot increase the capitalists’wealth.There is no insurmountable gap between productive labor and unproductive la-bor,because human society is complexity and diversity.In fact,with the changing of labor and con-sumers,many unproductive labors turn into productive labors.In contemporary society,due to the practical needs,people’s understanding of productive labor and unproductive labor is not limited to the Marx’s original text.The contents of productive labor and unproductive labor are modified and enriched,and the range of them is more specific than before.All in all,Marx’s theory of productive labor and unproductive labor which in the unique perspective of economics-philosophy enlarges and deepens Marxist theories of labor and Marxist Ontology,and it proves that Marx’s political economics has permanent research value.