故、旧典、故府与“曰若稽古”——兼论周穆王时代的文献编纂整理活动

“GU”,“DIANGU”,“GUFU”,and “YUERUOJIGU”——On Compilation and Edition Activities of the Literature in the Zhou Dynasty of King Mu

古文献中"古"与"故"相通,有"旧典"之义,"曰若稽古"即查考旧典的意思。这不仅表明《尧典》、《皋陶谟》等篇是出自后世的整编,更表明其材料来源的可靠与文献编纂态度的审慎。据《国语》、《管子》等文献记载,西周穆王时代曾进行过文籍编纂活动,主要对西周前期的仪式乐歌、古史传说以及"商周书"中的部分篇章进行整编。学者的新近研究也表明,《尧典》、《皋陶谟》等为西周中期文献,则其开首的"曰若稽古"四字,正是对穆王时代这场文献编纂整理活动的折射和反映。

In ancient literature, ＂GU （古）＂ and ＂GU （故）＂ had the same meaning, sometimes, they meant searching the ancient books. This not only means YAODIAN and GAOTAOMO were recorded and edited later rather than the article records of that time, but also shows the reliability of the source of its materials and the prudent attitude of literature compilation. According to the literature records of the GUOYU and GUANZI, a large scale compiling activity of ancient books and records appeared in the Zhou Dynasty of King Mu, which mainly edited and complicated parts of the ritual music and ancient legends in the early Western Zhou Dynasty and ancient literature and books in early Chinese historical times. Some chapters of SHANGZHOUSHU were edited and complicated during this period. In a certain sense, the first four words, YUERUOJIGU （曰若稽古）, which were at the beginning of the books YAODIAN and GAOTAOMO, were the reflection of the compiling activities of ancient books and records in the Zhou Dynasty of King Mu.