论施特劳斯视野中的霍布斯

On Leo Strauss' s critique of Hobbes

作为20世纪政治哲学复兴的关键人物,施特劳斯对霍布斯进行了独具特色的阐释和解读。为解读霍布斯的宗教批判,施特劳斯将霍布斯与伊壁鸠鲁进行了对比,并得出结论,霍布斯的宗教批判具有伊壁鸠鲁主义基础,但又对伊壁鸠鲁主义进行了后基督教的修改。为解读霍布斯的政治哲学,施特劳斯将霍布斯与柏拉图、亚里士多德等进行了对比,揭示出霍布斯政治哲学的基础不同于古典及基督教政治哲学的基础。为进一步解读霍布斯的自然权利,施特劳斯再次将霍布斯的自然权利与古典的自然法进行了对比,以此揭示出霍布斯的自然权利存在弱点与缺陷。以古今之争为视角,施特劳斯勾勒出了一个与传统进行决裂的霍布斯,同时也揭示出了霍布斯政治哲学的缺陷。

As a central figure in the revival of political philosophy in the 20 th century,Leo Strauss has found a unique way to interpret Thomas Hobbes. To clarify Hobbes' s critique of religion,Strauss compares Hobbes with Epicurus,and finds that though Hobbes' s critique of religion has a foundation of Epicureanism,it has also transformed Epicureanism because of the influence of Christianity. To interpret Hobbes' s political philosophy,Strauss compares Hobbes with Plato and Aristotle,and discovers that the basis of Hobbes' s political philosophy is different from that of the traditional one. To further interpret Hobbes' s natural right,Strauss compares Hobbes' s natural right with the traditional natural law,and reveals the weaknesses of Hobbes' s natural right. From the perspective of the quarrel between the ancients and the moderns,Strauss shows not only the divorce of Hobbes from the tradition,but also the weaknesses of Hobbes' s political philosophy.