恐惧与信任:利维坦的正反面

Fear and trust: Two sides of Leviathan

本文认为公民对利维坦司法之剑的"恐惧"不是公民社会稳定存续的充分条件。建立在恐惧的基础之上,反作用于"恐惧之统治"的"信任",对于稳定、持久的公民社会的存续具有重大的意义。信任的建立表示人与人之间的交互模式具有了某种确定性,在此基础之上人类理性就能发挥作用。理性作用的发挥和由此带来的生活的改善增加了人类倚靠理性能力、抑制激情主导的倾向。信任藉由"提高人类禀赋中理性的作用"这一途径,实现对于人性的改造,进而改变人类的行为模式,并最终达到维护公民社会存续的效果。

This paper argues that the citizen's'fear'of the judicial sword of Leviathan is not a sufficient condition for the stable existence of a civil society.Dependence upon fear,'trust',which reacts upon ' the rule of fear',is of great significance for the stable and long- lasting existence of a civil society. The appearance of trust signifies that there is a certain interactive mode between people,with which human rationality can play its role.The function of rationality as well as its resultant improvement of the living standard results in the tendency of human relying on rationality and suppressing passion. By ' strengthening the role of rationality in human endowments',trust accomplishes the transformation of human nature,thereby changes the patterns of human behavior,and ultimately achieves the sustainability of a civil society.