城镇化背景下的家庭农业与乡土社会 对内蒙赤峰市农业经营形式的案例研究

Family Farming and Rural Society under the Shadow of Urbanization:A Case Study of Agricultural Business Management in Chifeng,Inner Mongolia

本文要讨论的问题是,在农业青壮年劳动力大量外出,只有老人和妇女留守农村的情况下,中国农业将如何转型,农业生产的规模化服务将如何实现?农业生产技术的改进与生产要素的市场化无疑会促进农业生产服务的规模化,而规模化服务并不以土地的集中和小农经济的消亡为前提。乡土社会网络降低了农业规模化服务过程中的组织成本,在农村乡土社会面貌不变的情况下实现了农业生产服务的规模化,从而建立了一种"新型农业经营体系"。

Under the so-called ＂de-involution＂ with the young leaving, and the elderly and women left behind in the countryside, how can Chinese rural sector make its structural transition and achieve a large scale agricultural production service？ This is the issue to be discussed in this paper. The conventional understanding of large scale production is about land concentration and scale management through Ag business,or family farms, or agricultural cooperatives. In our view, given the reality of the unfavorable Chinese land and people ratio, any attempt to eliminate household-based small scale farming is bound to fail. The study suggests that our thinking should be switched from ＂ Scale Management＂ to ＂Scale Service＂. Today＇s agricultural production is no longer a ＂Pole like Straight Way＂ model. Different stages and processes of production have their own uniqueness and functions. With the advancement of Ag technology and the marketization of production factors, agricultural service has to catch up in scale. However, this does not have to be on the premise of land concentration and elimination of household farming. On the contrary, it can be done through local social networks. Local social networks can significantly reduce organizational costs of large scale service without changing the current household-based small farming community structure. It will bring about a new system of ＂Agricultural Business Management＂ that can improve production efficiency while at the same time protect small farmers＇ livelihood. Such a model is a combination of tradition and market. It should play an important role in the rural reconstruction and urbanization in the central and western regions of China.