二十世纪五十年代初参军参干运动研究——以北京市青年学生和工人为例

Study on Joining the Army in the Early 1950s—— A Case Study of Young Students and Workers in Beijing

20世纪50年代初,为培养新型军事干部,中共组织地方知识青年报考军队院校。经过广泛的军事动员和政治动员,全国共有9万余名学生和工人进入军校学习。此举为新中国国防建设储备了一支现代化人才队伍,也推动抗美援朝运动深入开展。本文以北京市为例,以原始档案和相关文献、报道为依据,考察参军参干运动的历史背景、具体过程,以及中共兼顾国防、经济和组织建设的情况,力图还原这一运动的历史地位和深远影响。

In the beginning of 1950s, in order to cultivate the new military cadres, the CPC organized the local educated youth to apply for military academies. After a wide range of military and political mobilization, more than 90,000 students and workers went into military academies to study. Because of this, a modern talent team was reserved for new Chinese national defense, and the Korean War was promoted to the in-depth development. Taking Beijing as an example, based on the original archives and related documents and reports, this paper inves- tigates the historical background and concrete process of the military participation, and the defense, economy and organization construction situation of the CPC, trying to return the historical status and deep influence of the move- ment to the original condition.