教育扩展、地区差异与入学队列：教育不平等的分布逻辑

Educational Expansion, Regional Differences and Schooling Cohort:Distributional Logics of Educational Inequality

本文利用2005年1%人口抽样调查的数据,以教育基尼系数作为研究工具,使用线性回归和分位数回归的分析方法,讨论中国教育结果不平等地区间差异的影响因素。与以往研究关注"均值的差异"不同,本文讨论的是"差异的差异",即教育不平等的内部差异。研究发现,在控制了入学队列的影响之后,教育扩展会带来教育不平等下降的结论依然成立;经济发展水平最高和最低的地区,教育不平等水平相对较高;在教育不平等更严重的地区,经济发展水平对教育不平等的作用更加突出;新中国成立以来,我国教育不平等水平是逐渐降低的,1978年以后入学队列的教育不平等水平相对与其他入学队列来说是最低的。

With the survey data of the 1% population sample of 2005, using hnear regression and quantile regression analysis, and taking educational Gini coefficient as a research tool, this paper discusses the factors which influence the educational outcome inequality between regional differences. Previous studies on educational inequality or quality of the population, mostly concerned about the ＂mean difference＂. But this paper discusses herein is the ＂differences of differences＂,which isthe internal differences of educational differences. The study concludes that： after controlling the effects of cohort enrollment, educational expansion which will bring unequal educational outcomes decline results still exists. Level of educational outcomes inequality is relatively high in both areas with highest and lowest levels of economic development. In areas where education inequality is more serious, the level of economic development plays a more prominent role in educational outcomes. Since the founding of New China, the level of educational inequality has been decreasing gradually. Compared with other schooling cohorts, level of educational outcomes inequality after 1978is the lowest.