义务教育城镇化格序分裂及财政回应性研究

Fiscal Response to Sequence Division between Compulsory Education and Population Urbanization

新型城镇化亟待农村教育同步。研究显示,中国义务教育"城化"、"镇化"与人口之间存在格序分裂,教育城镇化主要由县镇一级支撑,城市化严重滞后。义务教育"县镇扁平化"显著特征映射出县镇层和市级财政对城镇化的回应机制不同。评估表明:县镇教育回应性对人口结构、转移支付等比较敏感,而市级政府主要受人均GDP、产业发展、市场集中度等影响。加强教育省级统筹是改革的大方向,而强化市级财政对教育城镇化回应是教育改革的重要抓手。

New type of urbanization and rural education should be in synchronization. Research shows that China＇s compulsory education in ＂city＂ and ＂town＂ did not coordinate with populations. Compulsory education urbanization is mainly supported by the township, and the urbanization falls far behind. These remarkable features reflect that the response mechanism of Municipal Finance on TOWN is different from that of CITY. It also show that the towns finance is more sensitive to population structure, transfer payments, while the municipal government is mainly affected by the per capita GDP, industry development, market concentration, and so on. That means strengthen the education finance as a whole at the provincial level is the general direction of education reform, and strengthen the municipal public finance response on education urbanization is the key point for education reform.