以环境标准推动技术创新迈向生态创新

Spurring Technical Innovation with Environmental Standards:A way towards Ecological Innovation

环境标准是激励技术创新的一项直接有效的手段,在指导科技变革、发掘创新空间上发挥了重要作用。回顾历史,1968年至1998年美国通过实施一系列严格的汽车排放标准,排放限值提高了90%以上,不仅取得了显著的减排成效,更推动了减排技术的革命性创新,有力保障了美国的领先优势。正是环境标准对技术变革的激励效应,使其应用于生态创新领域成为可能。生态创新是可持续发展理念在技术创新领域的实践与提升,既是科学技术的创造力,更是人与环境和谐共生的影响力。为此,环境标准制定时应结合我国环境保护重点任务,合理运用标准应对不同环境问题,并准确把握不同地区、不同行业技术特征和生态特征,充分挖掘国际标准对生态创新的潜在作用。通过将技术支撑、生态创新和政策引导相结合,建立我国污染防治的长效政策措施。

Environmental standards serve as an effective method to spur technical innovation and play an important role inguiding technical reform and facilitating innovative efforts. In US history, during 1968 and 1988, US had implemented aseries of severe standards on vehicle emissions which elevated the level of emission limits by 90%. As a result, significantemission reduction was achieved, and at the same time, revolutionary innovation in emission reduction technologies wasdeveloped, contributing greatly to US＇ s advantage and leading position in the field. The stimulation from improvedenvironmental standards enables technical reforms, which can be replicated in the field of ecological innovation. As thepractice of sustainable development in the areas of technical innovation, ecological innovation is not only a creative power inscience and technology, but also an impetus to build harmony between man and nature. Therefore, environmental standardsshould be properly formulated to spur ecological innovation. To this end, it is suggested that key tasks for environmentalprotection in China should be incorporated in the process of making environmental standards, with differentiated standardstargeting at different environmental issues ; while these standards＇ potential of stimulating ecological innovation should be fullyrealized, with ecological characteristics of different regions and technical features of various industries considered. Technicalsupport, ecological innovation, and policy guidance should work together to underpin a long - term effective mix of policymeasures on pollution control and prevention in China.