新型爪形柴油低温流动改进剂的制备与表征

Synthesis and Characterization of a New Claw-Shaped Diesel Flow Improver at Low Temperature

以1，3-丁二醇、柠檬酸、硬酯酸等为原料，通过酯化反应合成爪形小分子柠檬酸-1，3-丁二醇-柠檬酸-硬脂酸（CBC-S），再用混合醇（十八醇和二十四醇）与CBC—S进一步接枝，得到新型爪形大分子柴油低温流动改进剂（CBC—SOT）；用单因素和正交实验确定适宜的合成条件；用FTIR和^1H NMR等方法分析CBC—SOT的结构及物理性质。表征结果显示，合成的CBC—SOT的结构与目标分子基本吻合；CBC-SOT的平均相对分子质量为1606．6～1654．9、密度0．83g／mL、熔点65．7℃、熔程65．7～66．6℃、可溶于有机溶剂、不溶于水。实验结果表明，CBC—SOT适宜的合成条件为：n（CBC—S）：n（混合醇）=1：3．0、钠型732型阳离子交换树脂用量4％（w）（基于体系的质量）、反应时间2．5h。CBC—SOT用量为800μg／g时，对鞍山炼油厂俄罗斯-10^#轻柴油的感受性最好，冷滤点可降低14℃。

A small claw-shaped molecule compound, citric-1,3-butanediol-citricstearate（CBC-S）, was synthesized from 1, 3-butanediol, citric acid and stearic acid by esterification. Then, a new big claw-shaped molecule compound（CBC-SOT） was synthesized from mixed alcohol（octadecanol and tetracosanol） and CBC-S, which could improve the fluidity of diesel oil at low temperature. Through single factor and orthogonal experiments, the optimum conditions for the synthesis of CBC-SOT were obtained： n（CBC-S） ： n（mixed alcohol） 1 ： 3.0, sodium-732 type cation exchange resin（as the catalyst） dosage 4%（w） and reaction time 2.5 h. The structure and physical properties of CBC-SOT were analyzed by means of FTIR and ^1H NMR. The results affirmed the structure of the target product CBC-SOT. The relative molecular mass, density, melting point and melting range of CBC-SOT were 1 606.6-1 654.9, 0.83 g/mL, 65.7 % and 65.7-66.6 ℃, respectively. CBC-SOT can be dissolved in organic solvents but not in water. When CBC-SOT is added with the optimum dosage of 800 μg/g, the cold filter plugging point of the Russia-10^# light diesel oil can be lowered by 14 ℃.