“自由”问题的哲学讨论

Philosophical Discussion on the Problem of “Freedom”

从哲学的视角讨论自由问题涉及到决定论、自由意志论和相容论三种哲学观点,三种观点的划分依据正是来自于它们对人类自由的看法。首先,决定论引起对道德挑战,因此,自由意志论与相容论不得不对这一道德挑战进行解决和回应。其次,德国哲学家康德对自由、决定论以及道德责任所持的态度和立场对当今仍然影响深远。最后,决定论、自由意志论与相容论三方之间的争论仍在继续。

In this paper the author talks about freedom from the perspective of philosophy. Firstly, this paper introduces the theory of determinism, libertarianism and compatibilism, the division of which was on the basis of their view of the human freedom. Secondly, this paper introduces the ethical challenges from the determinism, and to which the response of the libertarianists and the eompatibi- lists. Thirdly, this paper introduces Kant＇ s attitude toward determinism, libertarianism and moral responsibility. Finally, this paper does a brief summary on the debate among determinism, libertarianism and eompatibilism and the present status of them.