毛竹林持续高温干旱灾害特征及影响因素分析

Damage Characteristics of Phyllostachys edulis Stands under Continuous High Temperature and Drought

为探讨持续高温干旱灾害天气对毛竹林生长的影响,为毛竹林抗灾减灾及灾后恢复提供参考,调查分析了毛竹林持续高温干旱灾害特征及立地条件、经营水平等对立竹受损程度的影响。结果表明:持续高温干旱天气使毛竹叶片灼伤、枯黄、失绿变白,严重的全株叶片脱落;竹秆脱水、皱缩、枯黄,中下部位出现黑斑,局部表皮灼伤。竹龄越小受损程度越严重,1度竹死亡率显著高于2度及2度以上竹。海拔高度、坡向、坡位、土壤厚度、立竹密度、经营水平等对毛竹林立竹受损程度均有较明显的影响,其中海拔较高毛竹林高于海拔较低毛竹林,阳坡毛竹林显著高于阴坡毛竹林,且上坡>中坡>下坡,土壤厚度<50 cm毛竹林明显高于土壤厚度>100 cm毛竹林,立竹密度3 7504 500株·hm-2和2 250 3 000株·hm-2毛竹林高于立竹密度3 000 3 750株·hm-2毛竹林,集约经营毛竹林高于粗放经营毛竹林。典范对应分析(CCA)表明,持续高温干旱灾害对毛竹林的影响因子主要为土壤厚度、坡位,其次为海拔高度、坡向和立竹密度。

The extreme weather of high temperature and drought occurred in 2013 from June to August in south of Yangtze River area. The damage of high temperature and drought stress on Moso bamboo （Phyllostachys edulis ） stands in Fuyang of Zhejiang Province was investigated. The relationship between environmental factors and damage degree of bamboo stands was analyzed. The result showed that the bamboo leaf was hurt severely with burning ap- pearance and in color of withered and yellow, even lost all leaf. The damage on stems depended on bamboo age. One-year-old bamboo appeared stem dehydration, and black spot occurred in the base part of stem, four-year-old bamboo showed slight black spot but no stem dehydration, six-year-old ones appeared no black spot. The death ratio of two-year-old bamboo was higher than that of the older bamboo under the stress of high temperature and drought. The CCA analysis suggested that the damage ratio of bamboo stands significantly depended on the soil depth, slope direction and slope position. The mortality rate of bamboo was significantly negatively correlated with bamboo age . It can be concluded that the soil depth, slope direction, slope position and bamboo age are the main factors determi- ning the tolerance of bamboo stands to the stress of high temperature and drought.