基于层次分析法的矿粮复合区生态环境影响评价——以相山铀矿为例

The Impact Assessment of Mine-grain Mixed Zone′s Eco-environment Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process——Based on the Study of Xiangshan Uranium Orefield

该研究的目的在于测算当前相山铀矿区域的相关生态环境指标值,通过构造评价模型来反映相山铀矿这一典型矿粮复合区的生态环境现状,进而为相关政策制定提供依据.运用了层次分析法、M(·,+)—加权平均模型来构造综合评价模型.选取农民人均年纯收入、土地产出率、经济效用、单位GDP能耗、生物丰度指数、土地退化指数、环境质量指数、植被覆盖指数、景观自然性等作为综合评价指标.研究结果显示:相山铀矿生态综合指数值为0.5975,说明该研究区域生态质量一般,生态环境受到一定破坏,生态系统结构有变化,但尚可维持基本功能,受干扰后易恶化,生态问题显现,生态灾害时有发生.研究表明,矿粮复合区经过多年的工矿开采致使生态环境脆弱,区域生态环境遭到破坏,而这一地区的整治要从经济发展、区域环境保护、区域景观生态保护、社会概况等方面综合考虑.与此同时,政府应制定相应的政策保障以减轻或延缓区域生态破坏.并且政府与有关各方应寻求有效的利益协同机制实现共赢,从而使生态环境保护与经济发展有机协调,进而实现可持续发展.

This paper aims to measure the index value of the present environment situation in the Urani- um Orefield of Xiangshan Mountain, a typical mine-grain zone, and reflect its present ecological environ- ment situation by constructing a comprehensive evaluation model based on Analytic Hierarchy Process and M（ · , ＋） -weight average model, thus, providing the foundation for the local government to set policies to protect its local environment. Analytic hierarchy process was derived from operations research. M（ · , ＋） -weight average model was derived from fuzzy mathematics.In the impact assessment of mine-grain mixed zone＇s eco-environment, analytic hierarchy process and M（ · , ＋）-weight mverage model are the basis of the comprehensive evaluation model. This paper selected some indicators as comprehensive evaluation index（ such as per capita net income of rural households, land output, economic utility, energy intensity per GDP, organism abundance index, land degradation index, environmental quality index, vegetative cover index, landscape naturalness, etc. ） and the result of the study shows that the ecological comprehensive index value of Xiangshan mountain area is 0.597 5 ,which indicates that the mine＇s regional eco-environ- ment quality is normal,but its eco-environment has been disturbed to some extent.As a result of it,the local ecological system has ehanged but still maintains its basic functions. It is the evident that ecological disasters in the area are apt to occur because the local eco-environment becomes worse easily alter dis- turbance.In a word,the eco-environment of this mine-grain mixed zone is too fi＇agile and its regional coo -environment has been disturbed seriously because of excessive mining and exploitation for years.There- fore,in order to renovate the polluted environment, the local government shouht take into account of the factors, including local economic development, regional environment protection, regional landscape ecolog- ical protection, social situation, and so on.What is more, the local government should provide relevant poli- cy supports to reduce or delay the regional ecological 〈tamage. Besides,our government and interested par- ties need to look for the interests of the cooperative mechanisms so as to create a win-win situation. If these interested parties tlnd the mechanisms, ecological environmental protection and economic development would gain organic coordination,which can promote the sustainable development.