论我国生计酌减制度的构建

On Constructing the Debt Mitigation System for Debtor's Livelihood in China

损害赔偿法坚守不考虑赔偿义务人的经济状况、过错等因素的完全赔偿原则,在特殊个案中容易引起不公正的结果,对赔偿义务人的生计保障殊为不利。我国民事法律重视经由程序法规范来实现此目的,而实体法上未具明文,两者难以接洽,未能形成充分的保障体系。在比较法上,滥觞于瑞士的酌减条款,通过赋予法院酌减权,经确定判决使义务人的部分赔偿责任归于消灭,从而具备保障其生存能力的功能,经过欧洲以及其他地区法律的继受与发展,呈现出不同的特点。我国应当借鉴域外立法与实践的经验,通过区分酌减权的发生和行使,明确酌减权发生的要件和行使酌减权的考量因素,采用动态考量的方法。

Damage compensation that ignores livelihood guarantee and fault of compensator may cause unfair result in special cases.Civil law in China that guarantees compensation obligor＇s livelihood focuses on the procedural law and cannot achieve aforementioned purposes without specific provision of substantial law.Mitigation Article based on debtors＇ livelihood grants courts the power to reduce the amount of compensation,if the awarding full compensation would lead to substantial influence on existence of compensation debtors.After the legal succession and development in Europe and other areas,mitigation system presents different characteristics.This article tries to construct livelihood reduction system,through observing and comparing the laws overseas,reviewing existing laws and regulations in China and making clear the important factors that germinate and exercise mitigation right.