苏联马克思主义哲学发展路径及其失误探析

On the Development Route of Soviet Marxist Philosophy and Its Errors

由苏共意志决定的马克思主义哲学,注定要走上一条国家化的发展道路。列宁主要从哲学的战斗性、生活化和学术化等方面,使哲学成为认识和改造苏联社会的精神武器,试图建立起马克思主义意识形态的理论基础。斯大林则通过对列宁哲学理论的阐释,运用行政手段统一哲学界以及通过垄断哲学教科书体系,建立起马克思主义哲学的权威模式。这一发展路径的变化,对马克思主义哲学发展造成根本性的危害,也给马克思主义哲学建设留下了深刻的教训。

Soviet philosophy took a special path due to its national willpower. In respect of its philosophical confrontation, living-guidance and academic exploration, Lenin made the philosophy a spiritual weapon for understanding and reforming the Soviet Union society and attempted to establish the theoretical basis of a Marxist ideology. By interpreting Lenin＇s philosophical theories, Stalin establish an authoritative Marxist philosophical mode through uniform Soviet philosophical community by administrative means and monopolizing the textbook system. The deviation in the development route brought about fatal harm to Marxist philosophy. It was a critical lesson for the development of Marxist philosophy.