科学技术哲学研究的另一个维度——中国俄(苏)科学技术哲学研究的回顾与前瞻

A New Dimension in the Study of the Philosophy of Science and Technology:Review and Forecast of Russian(USSR) Philosophy of Science and Technology Study in China

中国关于俄(苏)科学技术哲学的研究,经历了"以俄为师"、"以俄为敌"、"以俄为鉴"三个阶段,苏联解体后一度沉寂,近来出现了复苏的势头。不能把苏联的科学技术哲学完全等同于正统的教条主义而全盘否定,1960年代一批具有改革倾向的哲学家对科学哲学所做的认识论中心主义诠释,极富启发性。新世纪前后俄罗斯科技哲学出现了多元主义、社会文化语境论和人本主义等新发展趋势,具有俄罗斯特色的科技哲学范式正在形成,其中技术哲学的转向尤有代表性。马克思主义虽已不是俄罗斯的指导思想,但辩证法和唯物史观在俄罗斯哲学中仍有深远的影响,前苏联和当今俄罗斯立足马克思主义的科技哲学研究,是与西方科学哲学不同的另一维度,是发展比较科技哲学的重要生长点。

The study on Russian （USSR） philosophy of science andtechnology has gone through suchthree phases as＂taking Soviet Union doctrine as a teacher＂, ＂taking it as an enemy＂ and ＂taking it as a mirror＂.The study was quiet for a time after the Soviet Union disintegrated and begins to revivelately. We cannot totally repudiate Soviet Union philosophy of science and technology, taking it as orthodox dogmatism. In the 1960s, philosophers ofthe tendency of reform interpreted philosophy of science from the perspectiveof epistemological centralism. Their ideas were greatly illuminating. Around the new century, Russian philosophy of science and technology takes on a new developmentaltrend, withpluralism, theory of social-cultural context and humanism as its characteristics, among which the turn of philosophy of technology is typical. Though Marxism is no longer a guiding principle,Russian philosophy study is still under the profound influence of dialectics and materialistic view of history. The study of Russian （USSR） philosophy of science and technology based on Marxism is another dimension different from Western philosophy of science, and is a growing point to promote comparative study of philosophy of science and technology.