极端嗜热微生物及其高温适应机制的研究进展

Advances on Hyperthermophiles and Mechanism of Their Thermal Adaptation

极端嗜热微生物在高温条件下生长繁殖,其必然具有适应高温环境的特殊细胞结构、基因类型以及生理生化机制。极端嗜热微生物的研究对探索生命的起源以及极端嗜热微生物的开发和应用具有重要意义。对极端嗜热微生物中细胞膜、核酸分子、蛋白质分子、代谢产物和辅酶的高温适应机制的研究进展进行了概述,旨为极端嗜热微生物以及来源于极端嗜热微生物的各种生物分子的开发和应用提供理论依据。

Hyperthermophiles are able to grow and reproduce at high temperatures, and inevitably they should have special cellular features, genome sequences and physiological properties to adapt to high temperatures. The researches on hyperthermophiles possess significances for exploring the origin of life on Earth, and the developments and applications of hyperthermophiles. The recent advances on the thermal adaptation of cellular components of hyperthermophiles（cell membranes, nucleic acids, proteins, metabolites and cofactors）are summarized, which may provide the theoretical basis for the developments and applications of hyperthermophiles and their cellular components.