试论西汉帝陵的寝与相关建筑

On the Emperors' Mausoleums of the Western Han Dynasty and Related Buildings

在继承前代的基础上,西汉帝陵基本都有寝与相关建筑。寝与相关建筑在西汉帝陵陵园中的位置既有相同也有差异,体现出作为陵墓祭祀性礼仪建筑在墓外设施中重要地位的同时,也反映出相应的制度、时代特征和发展变化,杜陵帝后陵的寝类建筑居南有其内在原因,而阳陵的此类设施可能位于陵墓北侧。寝与相关建筑的内容和组成元素丰富多样,又有相关机构和管理人员,全面服务于陵墓的祭祀礼仪活动。寝园的设置可能始于景帝阳陵,基本是由一组、两组或多组建筑组合成的综合性陵墓祭祀设施,其后又有发展与变化,院墙或有或无,但均以寝殿为中心,并对后世影响较大。可以说,西汉帝陵的寝与相关建筑在封建陵寝制度发展和逐步确立过程中发挥着承上启下的重要作用。

On the basis of inheriting the previous generation, there were resting places and related con- struction in the mausoleums of Western Han Dynasty. Their location in the cemetery reflects both the important position as sacrificial ritual constructions outside the tomb and the system, characteristics of the times and de- velopment. The resting place of Du Ling Mausoleum is in the southern part of the tomb, while northern in Yang Ling Mausoleum. The resting places and related constructions were varied. Institutions and managers were serving for ritual ceremonies. The resting places begin from Yang Ling Mausoleum of emperor Jingdi, be- came comprehensive ritual facilities constituted by many groups of constructions. In a word, the emperor＇ s resting place and related construction in the mausoleums of Western Han Dynasty plays an important role in the development and establishment of feudal mausoleum system.