林火碳排放研究概况及展望

Contemporary research advances on carbon emissions by forest fires and future prospects

林火是森林生态系统中一种重要的自然干扰,它直接或间接地将森林生态系统固定的碳重新释放到大气中,从而影响森林生态系统的碳预算和碳平衡。因此,科学准确地计量林火碳排放量对制定科学有效的林火管理措施,充分发挥森林的碳减排增汇效应,减缓气候变化速率等方面具有重要的意义。本文从林火排放的含碳气体、影响林火碳排放的因素、林火碳排放估算模型、林火碳排放量的估算四个方面阐述了林火碳排放的最新研究进展,针对目前林火碳排放研究中存在的问题,提出了今后的研究方向:1)森林可燃物燃烧效率的调查和测定;2)可燃物载量和林火烈度空间数据库的构建;3)林火间接碳排放的计量;4)气候变化条件下,林火碳排放的计量。

Forest fire is an important natural bon sequestrated by forest ecosystems into disturbance in forest ecosystems. It releases the car- atmosphere directly or indirectly, affecting carbon budget and carbon balance of forest ecosystems. Therefore, accurate estimate of carbon emissions by forest fires has great significance for scientifically making effective forest fire management deci- sions, enhancing the carbon sink effect of forest ecosystems, and mitigating the rate of climatic change. In this paper, we illustrated the most recent advances on carbon emissions by forest fires with regard to the following four aspects： 1 ） forest fire emitted gases containing carbon. 2） fac- tors affecting carbon emissions by forest fires. 3） the models used to estimate carbon emissions by forest fires. 4） the estimation of carbon emissions by forest fires. Based on the issues and prob- lems existing in current researches on carbon emissions by forest fires, future research directions were proposed, including 1） inventory and measurement of burn efficiencies of forest fuels; 2） establishment of spatial database for forest fuel load and fire burn severity ; 3） estimate of indirect carbon emissions by forest fires; 4） estimate of carbon emissions by forest fires on the conditions of climatic change.