非损伤微测技术及其在环境科学领域的应用

Non-invasive micro-test technique and its application in environmental science

非损伤微测技术(NMT)主要是通过计算机控制选择性微电极,测量距被测物几微米处两点的电压,然后通过校正曲线、Nernst方程和Fick第一扩散定律公式换算出离子或者分子的移动速率。它具有保持样品完整性、时间空间分辨率高及可同时测量多个位点的优势,可用于生物体内分子或者离子流实时测量。本文概述了NMT在环境科学领域应用原理与特点,就该项技术在重金属污染土壤植物修复机理、植物抗土壤盐渍化和水环境生物监测等方面的应用进行了综述,并指出该技术在环境科学领域应用的不足与前景。

Non-invasive micro-test technique （NMT） is mainly controlled by a computer to meas- ure the voltage at two points around the sample using selective microelectrodes. The mobile rates of ions or molecules can be obtained through a calibration curve, Nernst equation and Fick first diffusion law formula conversion based on the obtained voltage values. This technology shows some superiority such as keeping sample intact, higher distinguishability in time and space and determining several points at the same time, which can be used to real-time determine molecular or ion flow in organisms. This paper introduced the principle and characteristics of NMT used in environmental science. The applications of NMT in phytoremediation, plant resistance to soil salinization and biological monitoring in water were reviewed. Some shortages and perspectives of NMT in environmental science were also discussed.