论斯金纳行为主义与乔姆斯基心智主义范式的冲突与互补——基于自闭症儿童语言干预效用的考量

Conflicts and Complementarity between Skinner's Behaviorism and Chomksy's Mentalism: With Special Reference to Language Intervention for Children with Autism

斯金纳言语行为理论与乔姆斯基生成语言学理论由于在本体、认识以及方法论等层面都有着明显的不同,因此分属两个不同的研究范式。虽然一般认为,乔姆斯基对于斯金纳《言语行为》一书的长篇书评,给了行为主义致命的打击,促成了心理学及语言学研究的认知主义转向,但实际上斯金纳的理论并没有从此销声匿迹。行为主义强盛的生命力主要在于:它在自闭症儿童言语行为评估与干预等方面具有很高的应用价值。因此,乔姆斯基与斯金纳关于人类语言问题的理论观点,相互之间具有高度的互补性,二者都是我们全面认识人类语言本质必不可少的理论视角。

Chomsky＇s generative linguistics differs from Skinner＇s behaviorist theory of language in ontology,epistemology and methodology： they belong respectively to two competing paradigms,i. e.mentalism and behaviorism. Though it is generally accepted that Chomksy＇s long review of Skinner＇s（ 1957） Verbal Behavior sounded the death-knell for behaviorism and thus ushered in the cognitiveturn in psychology and linguistics,Skinner＇s behaviorism remains a robust field of scientific inquiry.The resilience of behaviorism mainly lies in the fact that it plays an indispensable role in such practical areas as the language assessment and intervention for children with autism. Therefore,Chomsky＇s mentalism is complementary to Skinner＇s behaviorism and they are both essential to a comprehensive understanding of the nature of human languages.