反思科举考试:王乃誉所记“贿辨事”与周介孚所历“科场案”

Reflections on Imperial Examination:Wang Naiyu's“Hang Quarters Branch Bribe”and Zhou Jiefu's“Zhejiang Examination Case”

清光绪十九年(1893)"癸巳大比"(恩科),是王国维以16岁考中秀才(诸生)之翌年,首次赴杭州参加"乡试"。他"不屑就时文绳墨","不终场而归",却禀告了"杭闱科场贿辨事",这就是鲁迅祖父周介孚被定了"斩监候"(死缓)罪名的"浙江科场案"。引录并考释了王国维之父《王乃誉日记》所记"杭人联语",以迄今所见关于此次科场案之唯一真切有据的"在场实录",参证周作人《知堂回想录》及曹聚仁《鲁迅评传》之相关记述,既反思了当年的科举考试,又对鲁迅13岁时家中所遭的这场"很大的变故"作了较为详实的历史回顾,足补鲁迅传论中的这段空白。

The 19th year of the Qing dynasty （1893）is the following year after the 16-year-old Wang Guowei passed the Scholar exam,and the first time to go to Hangzhou to participate in the ＂provincial examination.＂ He disdained on the text form then and left the examination room before the due time;moreover,he announced ＂Hang Quarters Branch bribe＂,which is the charge ＂Zhejiang Examination Case”that Lu Xun grandfather Zhou Jiefu was accused of and designated a reprieve.Textual research on Wang Naiyu Dairy and all other evidence about Zhejiang Ex-amination Case,together with Zhou Zuoren’s Zhi Tang memoirs and Cao Juren’s Coment on Lu Xun,reflected on Imperial Examination and made up for the historical materials for the great misfortunes happened in Lu Xun’s family when he was 13.