艾伦·卡尔松科学认知主义的困境及其出路

Dilemma and the Outlet:Allen Carlson's Scientific Cognitivism

在环境美学的发展中,艾伦·卡尔松的科学认知主义独树一帜,它可以有效地批判自然审美的对象模式和景观模式,并在一定程度上有助于揭示自然环境的审美价值,维护自然审美的客观性。然而,这一学说存在严重的缺陷,因为它剔除了自然审美中个体经验的意义,狭隘地理解了审美经验的客观性,最终违背了审美的基本原则。这一缺陷的深层原因还在于卡尔松仍然没有摆脱对象化的思维模式,将自然环境看作是外在于人的实际生活之外的对象。相反,杜威的经验论和海德格尔的存在论指出了理解人与自然的关系的有效途径,可为自然审美提供正确路径,即自然的审美价值存在于人的实际生活和积极创造的过程中。

In the development of environmental aesthetics, Allen Carlson＇s scientific cognitivism is very special, it can critique effectually object mode and landscape mode in aesthetic appreciation of nature, and to some extent, it is conducive to reveal the aesthetical value of natural environment, and preserve the objectivity of aesthetic appreciation of nature. However, this theory has serious defects, because it rejects the sense of individual experience, and gives a narrow understanding of objectivity of aesthetic experience, finally, it violates the basic principles of Aesthetics. The deep reason of these defects lies in the objectified thought that Carlson doesn＇t get rid of, which means he looks natural environment as objects existing out of the real life of human. On the contrary, Dewey＇s empiricism and neidegger＇s ontology indicate the efficient path of understanding the relationship between human and nature, which can provide correct way for aesthetic appreciation of nature, that is, the aesthetic values lie in the process of real life and positive creation.