农兵思想对日本近世兵农分离制度的影响

The Tentative Analysis of the Armed-Peasants Thought's Infl uence on the Separation Between Samurais and Peasants in Modern Times of Japan

兵农分离是日本近世社会的重要特征,也是理解和把握幕藩制社会结构的重要环节。由于江户时代商品经济的发展以及幕末期西方势力的东渐,旧有封建体制受到强烈冲击。此期间所产生的"土着论"与"农兵论"两种农兵思想先后对兵农分离制度提出质疑与挑战。而农兵思想主导下的农兵制改革打破了兵农分离的传统,淡化了武士与平民之间的界限,使这一制度走向瓦解,为近代日本消除封建等级制打下了基础。

The isolation between samurais and peasants is one of the important characters in Japan＇s modem society. And it is also an important approach to understand and grasp the social structure under the system of Bakuhan. As a result of the development of commodity economy during the Edo period and the eastward permeation of western powers in the later period of Tokugawa shogunate （military dictatorship）, the traditional feudal system suffered from the fierce impact. During this time, the idea of ＂Equalizing Samurais and peasants＂, in which Samurais return to farm and peasants join the army, successively questioned and challenged the old system of separation. The innovation of the armed-peasant military system under the guidance of above ideas had broken the traditional separation between samurais and farmers, and weakened the boundary between samurais and civilians as well. It had disintegrated the decayed regime, and laid the foundation of the elimination of feudal hierarchy during the modem times of Japan.