《文选·奏弹曹景宗》发覆

On Excavating the Unknown of the Article “Submitting a Report to the Throne to Impeach CAO Jingzong” in the Book of Literary Selections

任昉的《奏弹曹景宗》一文在萧梁至唐初影响甚大,但后人对此文的理解与真实的历史背景有一定的偏差。就史源因循来看,《梁典》、《梁书》中关于"曹景宗被弹"一事的记载和感情倾向,一定程度上来源于《文选》所收之《奏弹曹景宗》。如果将其与《魏书》中的相关记载详细比较,前者显然是不够客观的。梁武帝是一个工于心计的君主,他成功地利用任昉的正直,以徇情的方式,使曹景宗对其感恩戴德,达到了自己的政治目的。此文之所以能入选《文选》,有三方面的因素:一是因为曹景宗家族在梁大通年间的彻底败落,二是因为南朝上层社会流行尚文黜武的社会风气,三是此文在文章分类方面具有一定的典范意义。《奏弹曹景宗》的文学意义与历史意义是完全不同的。

the article of Submitting a Report to the Throne to Impeach CAO Jingzong written by Renfan has a great influence in Liang Dynasty and the Early Tang Dynasty but later generations have a different understanding of this article and its real historic backgrounds. Historically, the record and emotional tendency towards the incident about impeaching Cao Jingzong recorded in the Classics of Liang and in the Book of Liang, to some extent, derive from the article Submitting a Report to the Throne to Impeach CAO Jingzong recorded in the book of Literary Selections. Compared with its detailed relevant records in the Book of Wei, obviously, the former is not objective enough. Emperor Wu of the Liang Dynasty was so resourceful and calculating that he succeeded in exploiting Renfang＇s uprightness and acted wrongly out of personal considerations to make Cao Jingzong feel grateful for him so as to achieve his political goal. There are three reasons why this article can be included in the book of Literary Selections. Firstly, the family of Cao Jingzong declined completely in Datong Period of Liang Dynasty. Secondly, the upper class in Northern Dynasty tend to advocate literature while despise martial art. Thirdly, the article has certain model significance in the aspect of classification. Hence, this article＇s literary significance and historic significance are quite different.