微观分析法在焦点解决短期咨询会谈特征评估中的应用初探

A pilot study of microanalysis in solution-focused brief counseling characteristics evaluation

目的:探微观分析法用于评估焦点解决短期咨询(SFBC)熟练者与初学者会谈特征的有效性。方法:选取熟练者5人(每人累计学习并实践SFBC的时间≥5年)和初学者9人(每人累计学习并实践SFBC的时间≤3个月),收集两组参加SFBC课程考试的会谈录音各5份和9份。对会谈录音进行编码分析,比较两组在会谈中反映和提问的使用情况及语言表达性质(积极、消极、中性)。结果:熟练组使用复杂反映的次数多于初学组[(4.4±2.5)vs.(1.6±1.1),P<0.05];熟练组使用开放式提问的比率高于初学组[(0.83±0.14)vs.(0.61±0.18),P<0.05];熟练组使用积极表达的次数多于初学组[(16.0±7.0)vs.(8.7±2.4),P<0.05]。结论:微观分析方法能有效分辨熟练者和初学者在复杂反映、开放式提问和积极表达方面的不同会谈特征,可有效评估出熟练者与初学者的会谈技能水平。

Objective： To explore the microanalysis method used to evaluate the solution-focused brief coun- seling （SFBC） interview characteristics of the skilled trainees and novices. Methods： Five skilled SFBC trainees, who had learned and practiced of SFBC for not less than 5 years, and 9 SFBC novices, who had a total of learning of SFBC for no more than 3 months, were recruited. The skilled trainees＇5 interview recordings and 9 interview recordings of the novices were collected and coded. Then the formulations and questions used in the two groups＇interviews were compared with each other, and the different nature of language （positive, negative or neutral） used by them were also analyzed. Results： The numbers of complex formulations used by skilled trainees were more than the novice＇ s [ （4.4 ± 2. 5） vs. （ 1.6 ± 1.1）, P 〈 0. 05 ]. And the percentage of opening questions was significant higher than novice＇s [ （0. 83 ± 0. 14） vs. （0. 61 ± 0. 18）, P 〈 0. 05]. The numbers of positive utterances used by the skilled trainees were much more than the novices＇[ （16. 0 ±7. 0） vs. （8.7±2. 4）, P 〈0. 05]. Conclusion：The microanaly- sis method could be effectively used to distinguish the characteristic differences between the skilled trainees and the novices in their formulations, opening questions and positive utterances, during their respective interviews. And it could be effectively used to evaluate the interview skill levels of the skilled trainees and novices.