摘要
滴灌施肥技术是国内外公认的一项高效灌溉和高效施肥技术。滴灌施肥技术与大田灌溉相比节省灌水量,提高水的利用率;节省肥料,提高肥料利用率;节省劳动力,提高作物产量。针对作物滴灌施肥水肥高效的现状,综述了滴灌施肥条件下小麦玉米的增产效果和水肥利用率状况。从实时灌溉与施肥、水肥一体化与专用肥应用、作物的宽窄行栽培3个方面分析了粮食作物滴灌施肥高产高效的可能机制。结合生产实际阐述了粮食作物滴灌施肥存在的3个问题:滴灌施肥系统滞后、肥料进入施肥系统的时间缺乏科学依据、滴灌规格和滴头压力选择缺乏依据。并对今后滴灌施肥技术进行了展望。
Fertigation is a high efficiency irrigation and efficient fertilization technique.Compared with traditional irrigation,fertigation has an advantages of water-saving,fertilizer-saving,labor-decreasing and crop yield increasing.It is very important to increase fertilizer and water use efficiency by fertigation in China.The situation of increasing production of wheat and corn and water and fertilizer utilization under fertigation is reviewed in this paper.The Mechanism of high yield and high efficiency of fertigation for food crops is analyzed from the 3aspects,namely Real-time Fertilization and Irrigation,the application of integration of water and fertilizer or specialty fertilizer,wide and narrow row cultivation.Three issues of fertigation for food crops,including the lagging of fertigation system,lacking scientific basis for the time of Fertilizer into the fertilization system,lacking basis for the selection of drip emitters pressure and standard,are expounded.In the end,future fertigation technologies are also discussed.
出处
《节水灌溉》
北大核心
2015年第9期87-90,共4页
Water Saving Irrigation
基金
国家科技支撑计划课题(2O12BAD42B01)
国家自然科学基金项目(31460550)
兵团青年科技创新资金专项项目(2014CB010)
新疆农垦科学院科技引导计划项目(58YYD201306)
国家高技术研究发展计划("863"计划)项目(2011AA100508)
关键词
滴灌施肥
粮食作物
高产高效
专用肥
宽窄行栽培
fertigation
food crops
high yield and high efficiency
special fertilizer
wide and narrow row cultivation
