高寒牧区青贮玉米的品质分析及其栽培技术

Quality analysis and cultivation techniques of silage Zea mays in alpine pastoral areas

为了探讨玉米（Zearnays）作为青贮饲料在高寒牧区的品质及丰产栽培技术，开展了玉米品质分析及密度、追肥、玉米与箭管豌豆混播试验研究．结果表明：4个玉米品种的粗蛋白质2．48％～4．49％，粗脂肪0．40％～0．72％，中性洗涤纤维（NDF）67．86％～73．45％，酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）37．30％～46．39％．玉米在高寒牧区可以高密度种植，‘金穗3号’每公顷种植21万株时的鲜草和干草产量比种植15．57万株时增产22．82％和16．55％，‘中玉9号’增产14．33％和9．79％．拔节期每公顷追施尿素150kg时比不追肥时鲜草和干草的产量，‘金穗3号’增产22．92％和27．32％，‘中玉9号’增产13．71％和12．64％．玉米与箭告豌豆混播，玉米株高、茎粗、单株鲜质量和干质量表现为极显著降低（P〈0．01），玉米单播与混播间总鲜草和干草产量差异不显著（P〉O．05）．

In order to discuss the quality of Zea rnays and its high yield cultivation technology in alpine pastoral areas, the studies on the quality analysis, density and topdressing, as well as mixed sowing of Zea mays and Vicia sativa were carried out. The results indicated that the crude protein,crude fat, neutral de- tergent fiber （NDF） and acid detergent fiber （ADF） of four Zea species ranged from 2. 48% to 4. 49%, 0. 40＇ to 0. 72% ,67.86% to 73.45% and 37.30% to 46. 39% ,respectively. The results also revealed that Zea mays could be planted with high density in alpine pastoral areas. For example,the fresh and dry yields Of ＇Golden spike No. 3＇ with the planting density of 21 million individuals per hectare were 22. 82% and 16. 55 % higher than those with the planting density of 15.57 million individuals per hectare, which of ＇Chi- na corn No. 9~ were 14. 33% and 9. 7%. At the jointing stage,when dressing 150 kg/hm2 urea, the fresh and dry yields of ＇Golden spike No. 3 ＇ and ＇China corn No. 9＇ increased 22.92 % and 27. 32%, 13. 71% and 12. 64 %, respectively, compared with those of no topdressing urea. When Zea rnays and Vicia sativa were mixed sowing, the plant height, stem diameter, fresh and dry weights of individual plant decreased signifi- cantly （P〈0. 01） ,but the fresh and dry yields were not significantly different between mixed planting and signal planting of Zea mays.