老鹳草种子处理机设计与试验研究

Design and experiment on geranium seed processor

以山东省特有植物青岛老鹳草种子为试验材料,针对老鹳草种子种皮外表有一层排列紧密的马氏细胞,具有不透水性和不吸水性,致使种子发芽率低或不发芽等问题,为提高老鹳草种子发芽率,设计一台小型硬实种子处理机.种子处理机利用种子与种子及动、静摩擦盘对种子双重摩擦的方法,破坏种皮外表层的马氏细胞,经摩擦后的种子获得较高发芽率.对处理机进行多次多因素试验,测得输料螺旋杆的转速、螺旋螺距和摩擦盘之间压力是影响种子破皮的关键因素,以上述因素为变量进行一次回归正交试验,结果表明:螺旋转速为500r/min,出料压力为4 000Pa,螺旋螺距为100mm对种子破皮效果最佳.试验研究对小型硬实种子处理机的设计具有指导意义.

A layer of marten-site cell arranged closely in geranium seed skin, without permeability and absorbent, result in the low germination rate or not sprout. A small geranium seed processor was designed, the processor using friction between seeds or the dynamic and static friction plate to destroy marten-site cell which cover seed surface. After friction,a higher germination rate of seeds was achieved. After conduc- ting few of multi-factor tests,measured that the speed of the transporting screw n, screw pitch L, the pres- sure of the friction plate is the key factors of destroying seed skin. A regression orthogonal experiment was conducted by using the above factors as variables. The results show that when the screw rotation speed is 500 r/min, discharge pressure is 4 000 Pa, screw pitch is 100 ram, the effect of skin broken is the optimum. The design will help for small hard seed processor.