不同土壤水分对4个灌木能源树种生长和蒸腾耗水的影响

Transpiration water consumption and growth of four energy resources plants of Shrubs under different soil water contents

在充分供水（CK）,轻度干旱（T1）,中度干旱（T2）和重度干旱（T3）4个土壤水分条件下研究了1年生沙棘、沙枣、柠条和多花柽柳幼苗的生长和水分利用特征。结果表明：4个树种苗高和地径生长明显受土壤含水量影响。随着土壤含水量的增加,苗高和地径均显著升高和增加,多花柽柳、沙枣和沙棘均表现为CK〉T 1〉T2〉T3,而柠条则为T1〉CK〉T2〉T3。随着土壤含水量的减少,各树种根、茎、叶生物量和总生物量明显降低,根冠比先增加后减小。在不同土壤水分处理条件下,4个树种的蒸腾耗水量日变化的高峰值均出现在10：00~12：00之间;4个树种苗木各个时间段耗水量随土壤水分含量的增加而增加,表现出规律为CK〉T1〉T2〉T3。多花柽柳、沙枣、沙棘在不同土壤水分条件下月耗水量整体表现为7月〉8月〉6月〉9月〉10月,柠条表现为8月〉9月〉7月〉6月〉10月。在不同土壤水分条件下,4个树种单株水分利用效率大小排序分别是多花柽柳：T1〉T2〉T3〉CK,柠条：T2〉T1〉CK〉T3,沙枣：T1〉T2〉CK〉T3,沙棘：T3〉T2〉CK〉T1。

Annual Hipopophae rhamnoides L., Elaeagnus angustifolia L., Caragana microphylla L. and Tamarix hohenackeri Bunge seedling growth characteristics and water use characteristics were studied under the condition of four kinds of soil water content at full water （CK）, mild drought （T1）, moderate drought （T2） and severe drought （T3）. Results show that the four seedlings height and ground diameter growth were significantly affected by soil water content.With the increase of soil water content, the seedling height and ground diameter increased significantly, Tamarix hohenackeri, Elaeagnus angustifolia and Hippophae rhamnoides were characterized by CK 〉 T1 〉 T2 〉 T3, whereas Caragana microphylla for TI 〉 CK 〉 T2 〉 T3. With the decrease of soil water content, the four seedlings root, stem and leaf biomass and total biomass decreased obviously, the root-shoot ratio increased first and then decreases. The peak value of diurnal variation of transpiration water consumption of 4 tree species occurred between 10：00 ~ 12：00; four species of tree seedlings water consumption increases in various time periods with the increase of soil water content, showed the rule for CK 〉 T1〉T2 〉 T3. under different soil water conditions, Tamarix hohenackeri, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Hipopophae rhamnoides monthly water consumption for overall performance July 〉 August 〉 June 〉 September 〉 October, Caragana microphylla for August 〉 September 〉 July 〉 June 〉 October. Under the condition of different soil water content, four tree species water use efficiency of order were that Tamarix hohenackeri： T1 〉 T2 〉 T3 〉 CK, Caragana microphylla： T2〉T1 〉 CK 〉 T3, Elaeagnus angustifolia： T1 〉 T2 〉 CK 〉 T3, Hipopophae rharnnoides： T3 〉 T2 〉 CK 〉 T1.