驾驶人视觉分心与认知分心研究综述

Overview of researches on drivers' visual distraction and cognitive distraction

驾驶分心与交通事故有高度相关性。为探索驾驶分心对驾驶行为的影响及其影响方式,系统梳理国内外相关研究内容。首先介绍视觉分心和认知分心对驾驶行为影响方式的区别,归纳分心时视觉行为与操作行为的相关性;然后对比分析视觉分心、认知分心和结合分心对驾驶安全性的作用强度;最后论述驾驶分心研究目前存在的问题以及今后的研究方向。分析结果表明,驾驶分心严重威胁驾驶安全。视觉和操作行为特性是研究分心的主要对象,而不同类型驾驶分心的视觉和操作行为敏感度指标研究还处于初级阶段。3类驾驶分心的区别可为分心的检测和识别提供理论依据,目前对3类分心任务的评级尚未完善,大多数研究采取的强制分心任务与实际驾驶过程之间是否存在差异,能否得出理想的结论仍有待深入研究。

There is an high correlation between driving distraction and crash involvement. In order to explore the influence of driving distraction on driving behavior and its influencing mode, domestic and overseas issues related to driving distraction were summarized systematically. First, the different effects of visual and cognitive distraction on driving behavior were introduced, the correlations of distracted visual behavior with operating behavior were generalized. Second, strengths of interaction among visual distraction, cognitive distraction, and combined distraction on driving safety were compared. Finally, problems in driving distraction study and further research directions were discussed. Analyses indicate that driving distraction has serious threats to driving safety, that visual and operation behavior characteristics could be used for distraction study, that sensitivity indexes of the two factors for different types of driving distractions are still in their infancy, that differences between three kinds of driving distraction could provide theoretical support for detection and identification in driving distraction, that current rating of the three kinds of distraction task are not yet perfect, and that whether there exist differences between mandatory distraction task utilized by most studies and the actual driving process, and whether ideal conclusion could be drawn from mandatory distraction task all need further research.